Python - OOP Fundamentals

Introduction

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) stands as a cornerstone paradigm in Python, enabling the creation and organization of code through the interplay of classes and objects. This documentation provides an in-depth exploration of fundamental OOP principles and practices in the context of a virtual library.

1. Creating a Class

Consider a Python class modeling a Book entity within the vast expanse of a digital library:

# Example: Creating a Book Class

class Book:
    def init(self, title, author, pages):
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.pages = pages

2. Attributes and Methods

Attributes capture the essence of an object, while methods encapsulate functionalities within the realm of literature:

# Accessing attributes and invoking methods

my_book = Book("The Enigmatic Codex", "J. Python", 300)
print(my_book.title)  # Accessing attribute
    

3. Instantiation

Witness the birth of a literary masterpiece as a class is instantiated, giving life to a specific book :

# Example: Instantiating a Book
another_book = Book("Pythonic Chronicles", "A. Programmer", 250)

4. Inheritance

Extend the library metaphor by introducing a subclass for eBooks, inheriting the attributes of a Book:

# Example: Inheritance for eBooks

class EBook(Book):
    def init(self, title, author, pages, file_format) :
        super().init(title, author, pages)
        self.file_format = file_format

5. Encapsulation

Imagine the security and order within a virtual library maintained through encapsulation :

# Example: Encapsulation in a Virtual Library

class VirtualLibrary:
    def init(self):
        self.__book_collection = []    # Private attribute

    def add_book(self, book):
        self.__book_collection.append(book)

    def get_book_collection(self):
        return self.__book_collection