Python - Operators

11-Jan-2024

Explore the various operators in Python, from arithmetic and comparison to logical and bitwise operators. Gain a comprehensive understanding of how operators function in Python programming.

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Operators in Python are symbols or keywords that perform operations on operands. Operands can be variables, literals, or expressions. Python supports a variety of operators, categorized into different types. This documentation provides an overview of the main types of operators in Python.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform basic mathematical operations :

+ (Addition): Adds two operands.
- (Subtraction): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
* (Multiplication): Multiplies two operands.
/ (Division): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
% (Modulus): Returns the remainder of the division.
// (Floor Division): Returns the floor value after division.
** (Exponentiation): Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand.

Operator	Name	Example
`+`	Addition	`a + b`
`-`	Subtraction	`a - b`
`*`	Multiplication	`a * b`
`/`	Division	`a / b`
`%`	Modulus	`a % b`
`**`	Exponentiation	`a ** b`
`//`	Floor division	`a // b`

Arithmetic Operators Example

Operator Name Example

+ Addition a + b

- Subtraction a - b

* Multiplication a * b

/ Division a / b

% Modulus a % b

** Exponentiation a ** b

// Floor division a // b

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a Boolean result :

== (Equal): True if the operands are equal.
!= (Not Equal): True if the operands are not equal.
< (Less Than): True if the left operand is less than the right operand.
> (Greater Than): True if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
<= (Less Than or Equal To): True if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To): True if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.


Comparison Operators Example

  
    
      Operator
      Name
      Example
      Result
    
    
      ==
      Equal
      a == b
      True if a is equal to b
    
    
      !=
      Not Equal
      a != b
      True if a is not equal to b
    
    
      <
      Less Than
      a < b
      True if a is less than b
    
    
      >
      Greater Than
      a > b
      True if a is greater than b
    
    
      <=
      Less Than or Equal To
      a <= b
      True if a is less than or equal to b
    
    
      >=
      Greater Than or Equal To
      a >= b
      True if a is greater than or equal to b

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`==`	Equal	`a == b`	True if a is equal to b
`!=`	Not Equal	`a != b`	True if a is not equal to b
`<`	Less Than	`a < b`	True if a is less than b
`>`	Greater Than	`a > b`	True if a is greater than b
`<=`	Less Than or Equal To	`a <= b`	True if a is less than or equal to b
`>=`	Greater Than or Equal To	`a >= b`	True if a is greater than or equal to b

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators perform logical operations and return a Boolean result :

and : True if both operands are true.
or : True if at least one operand is true.
not : True if the operand is false (logical negation).


Logical Operators Example


  
    Operator
    Name
    Example
    Result
  
  
    and
    Logical AND
    a and b
    True if both a and b are true
  
  
    or
    Logical OR
    a or b
    True if at least one of a or b is true
  
  
    not
    Logical NOT
    not a
    True if a is false; False if a is true

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`and`	Logical AND	`a and b`	True if both a and b are true
`or`	Logical OR	`a or b`	True if at least one of a or b is true
`not`	Logical NOT	`not a`	True if a is false; False if a is true

4. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values to variables :

= (Assignment): Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
+= (Addition Assignment): Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
-= (Subtraction Assignment): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*= (Multiplication Assignment): Multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
/= (Division Assignment): Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Operator	Name	Example	Equivalent
`=`	Assignment	`a = b`	Assigns the value of b to a
`+=`	Addition Assignment	`a += b`	Equivalent to `a = a + b`
`-=`	Subtraction Assignment	`a -= b`	Equivalent to `a = a - b`
`*=`	Multiplication Assignment	`a *= b`	Equivalent to `a = a * b`
`/=`	Division Assignment	`a /= b`	Equivalent to `a = a / b`
`%=`	Modulus Assignment	`a %= b`	Equivalent to `a = a % b`
`**=`	Exponentiation Assignment	`a **= b`	Equivalent to `a = a ** b`
`//=`	Floor Division Assignment	`a //= b`	Equivalent to `a = a // b`

Assignment Operators Example

Operator Name Example Equivalent

= Assignment a = b Assigns the value of b to a

+= Addition Assignment a += b Equivalent to a = a + b

-= Subtraction Assignment a -= b Equivalent to a = a - b

*= Multiplication Assignment a *= b Equivalent to a = a * b

/= Division Assignment a /= b Equivalent to a = a / b

%= Modulus Assignment a %= b Equivalent to a = a % b

**= Exponentiation Assignment a **= b Equivalent to a = a ** b

//= Floor Division Assignment a //= b Equivalent to a = a // b

5. Membership Operators

Membership operators test if a value is a member of a sequence:

in : True if a value is found in the sequence.
not in : True if a value is not found in the sequence.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`in`	Membership - True if value is found in the sequence	`a in b`	True if a is found in b
`not in`	Membership - True if value is not found in the sequence	`a not in b`	True if a is not found in b

Membership Operators Example

Operator Name Example Result

in Membership - True if value is found in the sequence a in b True if a is found in b

not in Membership - True if value is not found in the sequence a not in b True if a is not found in b

6. Identity Operators

Identity operators test the identity of objects :

is : True if both operands refer to the same object.
is not : True if both operands do not refer to the same object.


Identity Operators Example


  
    Operator
    Name
    Example
    Result
  
  
    is
    Identity - True if both variables are the same object
    a is b
    True if a and b refer to the same object
  
  
    is not
    Identity - True if both variables are not the same object
    a is not b
    True if a and b do not refer to the same object

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`is`	Identity - True if both variables are the same object	`a is b`	True if a and b refer to the same object
`is not`	Identity - True if both variables are not the same object	`a is not b`	True if a and b do not refer to the same object

7. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform bit-level operations :

& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise XOR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
<< (Left Shift)
>> (Right Shift)


Bitwise Operators Example


  
    Operator
    Name
    Example
    Result
  
  
    &
    Bitwise AND
    a & b
    Each bit position in the result is the logical AND of the bits in the corresponding positions of a and b
  
  
    |
    Bitwise OR
    a | b
    Each bit position in the result is the logical OR of the bits in the corresponding positions of a and b
  
  
    ^
    Bitwise XOR
    a ^ b
    Each bit position in the result is the logical XOR of the bits in the corresponding positions of a and b
  
  
    ~
    Bitwise NOT
    ~a
    The bitwise NOT of a is the same as -(a+1)
  
  
    <<
    Left Shift
    a << b
    Shifts the bits of a to the left by b positions
  
  
    >>
    Right Shift
    a >> b
    Shifts the bits of a to the right by b positions

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`&`	Bitwise AND	`a & b`	Each bit position in the result is the logical AND of the bits in the corresponding positions of a and b
`\|`	Bitwise OR	`a \| b`	Each bit position in the result is the logical OR of the bits in the corresponding positions of a and b
`^`	Bitwise XOR	`a ^ b`	Each bit position in the result is the logical XOR of the bits in the corresponding positions of a and b
`~`	Bitwise NOT	`~a`	The bitwise NOT of a is the same as -(a+1)
`<<`	Left Shift	`a << b`	Shifts the bits of a to the left by b positions
`>>`	Right Shift	`a >> b`	Shifts the bits of a to the right by b positions

Understanding and using these operators is essential for writing efficient and expressive Python code. Operators play a crucial role in manipulating data and controlling program flow.

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Python - Operators

Explore the various operators in Python, from arithmetic and comparison to logical and bitwise operators. Gain a comprehensive understanding of how operators function in Python programming.

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